[The efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol in patients with coronavirus disease 2019].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) and arbidol in treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the real world. Methods: The clinical data of 178 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital from January 20 to February 10, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to patient's antiviral treatment regimens, 178 patients were divided into 4 groups including LPV/r group (59 patients), arbidol group (36 patients), LPV/r plus arbidol combination group (25 patients) and the supportive care group without any antiviral treatment (58 patients). The primary end point was the negative conversion time of nucleic acid of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by pharyngeal swab. Results: The baseline parameters of 4 groups before treatment was comparable. The negative conversion time of viral nucleic acid was (10.20±3.49), (10.11±4.68), (10.86±4.74), (8.44±3.51) days in LPV/r group, arbidol group, combination group, and supportive care group respectively (F=2.556, P=0.058). There was also no significant difference in negative conversion rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid, the improvement of clinical symptoms, and the improvement of pulmonary infections by CT scan (P>0.05). However, a statistically significant difference was found in the changing rates from mild/moderate to severe/critical type at day 7 (χ(2)=9.311, P=0.017), which were 24%(6/25) in combination group, 16.7%(6/36) in arbidol group, 5.4%(3/56) in LPV/r group and 5.2%(3/58) in supportive care group. Moreover, the incidence of adverse reactions in three antiviral groups was significantly higher than that in supportive care group (χ(2)=14.875, P=0.002). Conclusions: Antiviral treatment including LPV/r or arbidol or combination does not shorten the negative conversion time of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid nor improve clinical symptoms. Moreover, these antiviral drugs cause more adverse reactions which should be paid careful attention during the treatment.

Risk perception characteristics and influencing factors of frontline medical staff during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic

Objective To explore the risk perception characteristics and influencing factors of frontline medical staff during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, so as to provide effective reference for correctly perceiving the risk, improving stress-coping skills and maintaining mental health during the high-risk and high-intensity combat against the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods A risk perception questionnaire based on the context of COVID-19 epidemic was used to investigate the risk perception level of 181 frontline medical staff fighting against COVID-19 epidemic. Nonparametric test was used to compare the demographic factors and risk perception dimensions. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict the effect of demographic factors on the risk perception level of frontline medical staff. Results During the COVID-19 epidemic, the overall risk perception score of the frontline medical staff was 36.39±8.59, and the scoring rate was 60.65%. The top three dimensions with the highest scoring rate were physical function risk, organization risk and personal safety risk. The score of frontline medical staff in Hubei province was higher than that outside Hubei province (Z=-2.180, P<0.05) and the score of medical technicians (doctors and technicians) was higher than that of nurses (Z=-3.039, P<0.01). The location of frontline medical staff could significantly predict the overall risk perception (P<0.05). Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic, the risk perception of frontline medical staff has been found at the medium level, with the risk perception degree of frontline medical staff in Hubei province being higher than that outside Hubei province and the risk perception degree of medical technicians being higher than that of nurses. The location of frontline medical staff can predict their risk perception.

Artificial Seawall by Blasting Squeezing Silt and amelioration treatments in Saline-alkali Soil with Toilet Revolution without sewers

Artificial seawall by silt squeezing with blasting dike, a small price for a good seawall than with mechanical dredging, and is effective in preventing this kind of accident from tsunami and typhoon disaster. This paper briefly discusses the pollution situation of poultry and mankind waste in China. For the first time gives the techniques for harmless (China patent ZL 201220109642.1, no flush heathy toilet.) and utilization of waste in China are presented and analysed for benefit utilization. Sanitary toilet without sewers -2019 world break-through technologies (no flush heathy toilet) driven reinvent the toilet challenge, RTTC. Authors also show the technique for harass and utilization of wastes in China. The authors suggest that all the mankind and animal waste, after harmless processing, should be used in a way of useful things as feed, fertilizer, etc. to benefit human society, prevent disease (covid-19, sars) propagation and reduce greenhouse gases. It is also can be used on ship, aircraft, coach and out space etc. (China patent ZL 201220109642.1 is one of several ways of human and livestock faeces harmless treatment, ultraviolet disinfection, ozone fumigation), its weight less than 15kg, volume less than 0.12m3. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.